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Optical Coherence Tomography as an Alternative for Diagnosing Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy in Developing Countries

Received: 25 October 2021     Accepted: 11 November 2021     Published: 19 November 2021
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Abstract

Introduction: Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) is a variant of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). In clinical practice, PCV is frequently differentiated from nAMD or other retinal diseases using imaging modalities like optical coherence tomography, especially in ophthalmology clinics and hospitals which do not have access to indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), the gold standard in diagnosing PCV. As such, definite diagnosis of PCV is not possible in some cases and the actual prevalence of PCV remains unknown. Case series presentation: We have described a report of four patients without significant past medical history who presented with acute central or paracentral scotoma caused by PCV. Our approach to diagnosing PCV relied on the clinical manifestations of fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) and spectral domain optical coherence tomography imaging (SS-OCT). Conclusion: In the absence of ICGA and OCT angiography in developing countries, it is essential to distinguish PCV from other retinal diseases, especially neovascular age-related macular degeneration as the treatment and prognosis of PCV differs from that of other retinal diseases. We believe that the key features observed in FFA and SS-OCT can potentially be equivalent to the findings on ICGA in accurate diagnosis of PCV, which is essential in tailoring patient treatment plans, set expectations, and find more effective and precise solutions.

Published in International Journal of Ophthalmology & Visual Science (Volume 6, Issue 4)
DOI 10.11648/j.ijovs.20210604.17
Page(s) 219-224
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Occult Peripapillary Choroidal Neovascular Membrane, Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy, Anti-VEGF, Age-Related Macular Degeneration, Type 1 Neovascularization

References
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[2] Cheung CMG, Lai TYY, Ruamviboonsuk P, et al. Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy: Definition, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Management. Ophthalmology. 2018; 125 (5): 708-24. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2017.11.019.
[3] Cheung CMG, Lai TYY, Teo K, et al. Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy: Consensus Nomenclature and Non-Indocyanine Green Angiography Diagnostic Criteria from the Asia-Pacific Ocular Imaging Society PCV Workgroup. Ophthalmology. 2021; 128 (3): 443-52. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2020.08.006.
[4] Lee WK, Iida T, Ogura Y, et al. Efficacy and Safety of Intravitreal Aflibercept for Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy in the PLANET Study: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2018; 136 (7): 786-93. doi: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2018.1804.
[5] Chaikitmongkol V, Cheung CMG, Koizumi H, Govindahar V, Chhablani J, Lai TYY. Latest Developments in Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy: Epidemiology, Etiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment. Asia-Pac J Ophthalmol. 2020; 9 (3): 260-8. doi: 10.1097/01.APO.0000656992.00746.48.
[6] Lorentzen TD, Subhi Y, Sørensen TL. PREVALENCE OF POLYPOIDAL CHOROIDAL VASCULOPATHY IN WHITE PATIENTS WITH EXUDATIVE AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Retina Phila Pa. 2018 Dec; 38 (12): 2363–71.
[7] Liu Z-Y, Li B, Xia S, Chen Y-X. Analysis of choroidal morphology and comparison of imaging findings of subtypes of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy: a new classification system. Int J Ophthalmol. 2020; 13 (5): 731–6.
[8] Eraydin B, Koçak N, Birinci H. The comparison of spectral domain optical coherence tomography and indocyanine green angiography in the diagnosis of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy. Int Ophthalmol. 2021 Feb; 41 (2): 659–65.9.
[9] De Salvo G, Vaz-Pereira S, Keane PA, Tufail A, Liew G. Sensitivity and specificity of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography in detecting idiopathic polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy. Am J Ophthalmol. 2014 Dec; 158 (6): 1228-1238.e1.
[10] Inoue M, Balaratnasingam C, Freund KB. Optical coherence tomography angiography of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy and polypoidal choroidal neovascularization. Retina. 2015 Nov; 35 (11): 2265-74.
[11] Tomiyasu T, Nozaki M, Yoshida M, Ogura Y. Characteristics of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy evaluated by optical coherence tomography angiography. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2016 Jul 1; 57 (9): 324-30.
[12] Wang M, Zhou Y, Gao SS, Liu W, Huang Y, Huang D, Jia Y. Evaluating polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy with optical coherence tomography angiography. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2016 Jul 1; 57 (9): 526-32.
[13] Cheung CMG, Lai TYY, Teo K, Ruamviboonsuk P, Chen SJ, Kim JE, Gomi F, et al. Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy: Consensus Nomenclature and Non-Indocianine green angiography diagnostic criteria from the Asia-Pacific Ocular Imaging Society. PCV Workroup. Ophthalmology. 2021. Mar; 128 (3): 443-452. doi 10.1016/j.ophtha.2020.08.006. Epub 2020 Aug 11. PMID: 32795496.
[14] Ogura Y, Iida T, Lee WK, Cheung CMG, Mitchell P, Leal S, Schmelter T, Ishibashi T. Efficacy and safety of intravitreal aflibercept for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy: 96-week outcomes in the Japanese subgroup of the PLANET study. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2021; 65: 344-53. [PMID: 33474611 DOI: 10.1007/s10384-020-00805-5.
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  • APA Style

    Armando Bautista-Barba, Erick Andres Quiroz-Gonzalez, Miguel Angel Quiroz-Reyes, Mario Leon-Meza, Alan Chew-Bonilla, et al. (2021). Optical Coherence Tomography as an Alternative for Diagnosing Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy in Developing Countries. International Journal of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 6(4), 219-224. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijovs.20210604.17

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    ACS Style

    Armando Bautista-Barba; Erick Andres Quiroz-Gonzalez; Miguel Angel Quiroz-Reyes; Mario Leon-Meza; Alan Chew-Bonilla, et al. Optical Coherence Tomography as an Alternative for Diagnosing Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy in Developing Countries. Int. J. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2021, 6(4), 219-224. doi: 10.11648/j.ijovs.20210604.17

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    AMA Style

    Armando Bautista-Barba, Erick Andres Quiroz-Gonzalez, Miguel Angel Quiroz-Reyes, Mario Leon-Meza, Alan Chew-Bonilla, et al. Optical Coherence Tomography as an Alternative for Diagnosing Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy in Developing Countries. Int J Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2021;6(4):219-224. doi: 10.11648/j.ijovs.20210604.17

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijovs.20210604.17,
      author = {Armando Bautista-Barba and Erick Andres Quiroz-Gonzalez and Miguel Angel Quiroz-Reyes and Mario Leon-Meza and Alan Chew-Bonilla and Danna Alexandra Alvirde-Ayala and Federico Graue-Wiechers},
      title = {Optical Coherence Tomography as an Alternative for Diagnosing Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy in Developing Countries},
      journal = {International Journal of Ophthalmology & Visual Science},
      volume = {6},
      number = {4},
      pages = {219-224},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijovs.20210604.17},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijovs.20210604.17},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijovs.20210604.17},
      abstract = {Introduction: Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) is a variant of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). In clinical practice, PCV is frequently differentiated from nAMD or other retinal diseases using imaging modalities like optical coherence tomography, especially in ophthalmology clinics and hospitals which do not have access to indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), the gold standard in diagnosing PCV. As such, definite diagnosis of PCV is not possible in some cases and the actual prevalence of PCV remains unknown. Case series presentation: We have described a report of four patients without significant past medical history who presented with acute central or paracentral scotoma caused by PCV. Our approach to diagnosing PCV relied on the clinical manifestations of fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) and spectral domain optical coherence tomography imaging (SS-OCT). Conclusion: In the absence of ICGA and OCT angiography in developing countries, it is essential to distinguish PCV from other retinal diseases, especially neovascular age-related macular degeneration as the treatment and prognosis of PCV differs from that of other retinal diseases. We believe that the key features observed in FFA and SS-OCT can potentially be equivalent to the findings on ICGA in accurate diagnosis of PCV, which is essential in tailoring patient treatment plans, set expectations, and find more effective and precise solutions.},
     year = {2021}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Optical Coherence Tomography as an Alternative for Diagnosing Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy in Developing Countries
    AU  - Armando Bautista-Barba
    AU  - Erick Andres Quiroz-Gonzalez
    AU  - Miguel Angel Quiroz-Reyes
    AU  - Mario Leon-Meza
    AU  - Alan Chew-Bonilla
    AU  - Danna Alexandra Alvirde-Ayala
    AU  - Federico Graue-Wiechers
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    JF  - International Journal of Ophthalmology & Visual Science
    JO  - International Journal of Ophthalmology & Visual Science
    SP  - 219
    EP  - 224
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
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    AB  - Introduction: Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) is a variant of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). In clinical practice, PCV is frequently differentiated from nAMD or other retinal diseases using imaging modalities like optical coherence tomography, especially in ophthalmology clinics and hospitals which do not have access to indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), the gold standard in diagnosing PCV. As such, definite diagnosis of PCV is not possible in some cases and the actual prevalence of PCV remains unknown. Case series presentation: We have described a report of four patients without significant past medical history who presented with acute central or paracentral scotoma caused by PCV. Our approach to diagnosing PCV relied on the clinical manifestations of fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) and spectral domain optical coherence tomography imaging (SS-OCT). Conclusion: In the absence of ICGA and OCT angiography in developing countries, it is essential to distinguish PCV from other retinal diseases, especially neovascular age-related macular degeneration as the treatment and prognosis of PCV differs from that of other retinal diseases. We believe that the key features observed in FFA and SS-OCT can potentially be equivalent to the findings on ICGA in accurate diagnosis of PCV, which is essential in tailoring patient treatment plans, set expectations, and find more effective and precise solutions.
    VL  - 6
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    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Ophthalmology, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico

  • Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Ophthalmology, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico

  • Retina Department, Institute of Ophthalmology, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico

  • Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Ophthalmology, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico

  • Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Ophthalmology, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico

  • Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Ophthalmology, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico

  • Retina Department, Institute of Ophthalmology, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico

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