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Ocular Hypertension and Glaucoma: A Review and Current Perspectives
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 2, May 2017
Pages:
22-36
Received:
7 March 2017
Accepted:
27 March 2017
Published:
14 April 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijovs.20170202.11
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Abstract: Hypertension of the eye fundamentally results from an imbalance between the production and extrusion of aqueous humor (AQH) within the anterior segment of the eye. Vitreous humor (VH) (in the posterior segment of the eye) and AQH are responsible for maintaining the shape of the eye-ball in order that light is correctly focused on the retina for good vision. However, as we age, cells of the AQH drainage system (trabecular meshwork, TM) die and cellular debris accumulates within the TM and the canal of Schlemm thereby slowing, and in some cases, preventing AQH efflux. This results in increased resistance and elevation of hydrostatic pressure within the anterior segment, also termed as elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) or ocular hypertension (OHT). Sustained OHT exerts mechanical pressure on the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and the optic nerve fibers at the back of the eye leading to their progressive demise by apoptosis, thereby distorting and diminishing visual acuity over time, and eventually leading to irreversible blindness. In some patients even “normal” IOP is destructive because their RGCs and their axons projecting to the brain are genetically or chemically predisposed to early cell death. These pathologies are termed “glaucomatous optic neuropathy (GON)” and OHT is often associated with glaucoma, especially primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Today, there are several pharmacological and minimally invasive surgical interventions / devices that constitute therapeutic modalities to treat OHT and glaucoma. OHT etiology and treatments will be discussed in more detail in this review article.
Abstract: Hypertension of the eye fundamentally results from an imbalance between the production and extrusion of aqueous humor (AQH) within the anterior segment of the eye. Vitreous humor (VH) (in the posterior segment of the eye) and AQH are responsible for maintaining the shape of the eye-ball in order that light is correctly focused on the retina for goo...
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Corneal Injuries Associated with Ocular Hazards in the Welding Industry: A Case Study of Nekede Mechanic Village Nekede, Imo State, Nigeria
Desmond Eberechukwu Ihekaire,
Chinwe Stephanie Oji
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 2, May 2017
Pages:
37-54
Received:
15 February 2017
Accepted:
30 March 2017
Published:
24 April 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijovs.20170202.12
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Abstract: This is a study of corneal injuries associated with ocular hazards in the welding industries in Nekede Mechanic Village Nekede Imo State. The data were collected from direct interview method and direct observation used to extract facts relating to the injuries and other factors that might predispose to them. The data were analyzed using frequency tables, bar charts and pie charts. A total number of 100 subjects were assessed with the ages of the subjects ranging between 18 and 35 years, selected at random and examined with the ophthalmoscope, penlight and a visual acuity chart, in their respective workshops. The study discovered about 48% of diverse cornea injuries: Pterygium, Pinguecula, Corneal opacity, Limbal changes and Photokeratitis. As shown on frequency distribution tables, pie charts and bar charts, 2% constantly used eye wear, 14% (often users), 41% (occasional users), 43% (never users). About 1.3% of the injuries occurred among regular users, 46.1% (occasional users), 38.1% (never users).This is a proof that the aforementioned injuries are products of non-compliance with the use of eye wear. Therefore, it is recommended that proper orientation and strict compliance should be emphasized on the use of protective eye wears in the welding industry.
Abstract: This is a study of corneal injuries associated with ocular hazards in the welding industries in Nekede Mechanic Village Nekede Imo State. The data were collected from direct interview method and direct observation used to extract facts relating to the injuries and other factors that might predispose to them. The data were analyzed using frequency t...
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Sino-Orbital Cellulitis Due to HSV Type I
Selin Yetkinel,
Semai Bek
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 2, May 2017
Pages:
55-58
Received:
24 January 2017
Accepted:
12 April 2017
Published:
17 May 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijovs.20170202.13
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Abstract: Orbital pseudotumor, is a heterogeneous group of disorders characterised by orbital inflammation and is a rare clinical entity and a diagnosis of exclusion. We report two cases with typical clinical manifestation and magnetic resonance images, but unresponsive to corticosteroid treatment which turned out to be caused by herpes simplex virus type I. Viral etiology must be carefully evaluated, especially in steroid unresponsive recurrent cases presumed to be pseudotumor orbita.
Abstract: Orbital pseudotumor, is a heterogeneous group of disorders characterised by orbital inflammation and is a rare clinical entity and a diagnosis of exclusion. We report two cases with typical clinical manifestation and magnetic resonance images, but unresponsive to corticosteroid treatment which turned out to be caused by herpes simplex virus type I....
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Youth Friendly Reproductive Health Service Utilization and Associated Factors Among Youths in Metekel Zone, North West Ethiopia
Akililu Jaleta,
Alemayehu Assefa,
Muluwas Amentie
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 2, May 2017
Pages:
59-64
Received:
13 March 2017
Accepted:
8 April 2017
Published:
25 May 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijovs.20170202.14
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Abstract: In the World young people are faced with immense Reproductive Health (RH) problems, they have limited access to quality RH services and information that are specially designed to meet their needs. Available reproductive health services are adult-centered thus making them less accessible to adolescents. Thus, the main objective of the study was to assess youth friendly reproductive health service utilization and its associated factors among youth of Metekel zone, North West Ethiopia. Method: a community based cross sectional study design was employed. Two towns were randomly selected from the seven towns with youth friendly services. Sample size was proportionally allocated based on the total household population size of each town. Systematic sampling technique was used to select individual participants at house hold level. Result: the majority of respondents (72.9%) had information about youth friendly services (YFS) of which 72.7% of the respondents heard YFS from health professionals working at health institution. One third of the participants 33.2% had used YFS during study period. Youth friendly reproductive health service utilization was significantly associated with occupation status such that being health profession [AOR = 4.5; 95%CI: 2.014 - 11.3]; being students [AOR=4.291; 95% CI: 1.233 - 14.936] and preference of youth friendly reproductive health services provider: being young provider of the same sex [AOR=1.6; 95%CI: 1.56, 1.99] compared with and the convenient time for youth health service: being in the hours when other users are not around [AOR=0.29; 95%CI: 0.25 – 0.67]. Conclusion and recommendation: Prevalence of youth friendly reproductive health service utilization was very low in Metekel zone. The determinant factors associated with youth friendly reproductive health service utilization were service provider sex status, preference of services provider, occupational status of the respondents and convenient time for youth health service. The health institutions in metekel zone need to give attention regarding youth friendly reproductive health service utilization.
Abstract: In the World young people are faced with immense Reproductive Health (RH) problems, they have limited access to quality RH services and information that are specially designed to meet their needs. Available reproductive health services are adult-centered thus making them less accessible to adolescents. Thus, the main objective of the study was to a...
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